What is Osteoporosis and How to Maintain Bone Health
October 22, 2026 | Tags:
You may have heard the expression that adults “shrink” as they get older. This change in appearance can be a sign that your bones are becoming less dense, which may increase your risk of osteoporosis and broken bones. Don’t be overwhelmed by the idea of osteoporosis – it all comes down to calcium! Here’s what to know.
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become weak and more likely to break. As we age, our bones lose calcium and the bone mass decreases. This lack of calcium makes it easier for breaks to occur.
While osteoporosis affects both and men women, it’s more common in women. Women need the hormone estrogen to keep their bones strong, but estrogen levels drop with age, too, especially during menopause. Some medications, such as steroids, can also affect calcium levels in the bones, leaving individuals more susceptible to osteoporosis.
What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is sometimes called a “silent” disease because, unlike many other health conditions, it doesn’t have any early symptoms. Most people aren’t diagnosed until a bone is broken, usually after a minor accident or fall that would normally not cause an injury. However, certain changes may be signs of osteoporosis, including:
- Lower back pain.
- A loss of one inch or more in height.
- Posture changes, like stooping or bending forward.
- Shortness of breath caused by spinal compression.
- A fracture caused by an everyday activity, like bending, lifting or coughing.
Why getting enough calcium matters
Think of your bones as a bank. Up until your late 20s or early 30s, you are primarily putting calcium into your bone bank. But after that, you start withdrawing. Calcium, vitamin D, physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices are great deposits into your bone bank. Examples of calcium-rich foods include:
- Milk, yogurt and cheese
- Soybeans
- Dark-green leafy vegetables, such as kale and collard greens
- Canned salmon or sardines
Vitamin D also supports bone health. Your body can make vitamin D through sun exposure, and vitamin D is available in certain foods and supplements. Talk to your primary care provider (PCP) before taking a new medication or supplement.
Just as healthy habits make deposits into your bone bank, smoking and long-term use of certain steroids can weaken your bones and contribute to bone loss. Medical Mutual’s Medicare Advantage members have access to Pivot Breathe, a digital tobacco cessation program that helps members track, reduce and ultimately quit smoking and other tobacco products.
How is osteoporosis diagnosed and treated?
A bone density test can help identify osteoporosis and determine your risk for fractures. Your healthcare provider may recommend testing based on your age, health history, medications and other risk factors. You can also work with your PCP to schedule a bone density test.
If osteoporosis is diagnosed, your healthcare provider may recommend lifestyle changes or medications to help slow the rate of bone loss or strengthen bones. Treatment will depend on your individual health needs.
How to reduce your risk of falls
People with osteoporosis are more likely to break a bone if they fall, such as ribs or a hip. In severe cases, the disease can cause fractures from simple activities, like walking.
Because of the added risk, it’s important for individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis to prevent falls. Consider the following ways to stay safe:
- Remove trip hazards, like throw rugs and loose cords. Stand up slowly to prevent a drop in blood pressure, which can result in lightheadedness.
- Limit alcohol, which can affect balance, slow reflexes and interact with certain medications.
- Schedule annual vision and hearing checks.
- Ask your health care provider whether any medications you take could increase your risk of falling.
- Build balance through activities such as yoga and tai chi.
Talk to your PCP if you notice possible signs of osteoporosis or are concerned about falls or broken bones. If you don’t have a PCP, Medical Mutual can help. Use our Find a Provider tool on My Health Plan to find one in your plan’s network or call the Customer Care number listed on your member ID card.
Looking for health insurance coverage?
The right Ohio health insurance plan can provide quality coverage to help you address concerns, symptoms and risks associated with osteoporosis. Medical Mutual offers Medicare plans designed to meet the unique needs of communities across our state. Visit our Medicare page to learn more about your options, compare benefits and find the right plan that fits your healthcare needs.