Let's Talk About Colon Cancer: Awareness, Prevention and Early Detection
May 27, 2025 | Tags:
Colorectal cancer is currently the third most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the U.S. The American Cancer Society estimates that 154,000 new cases of colon cancer will be diagnosed in 2025. No matter your age, understanding your risk and getting screened could make all the difference.
Colon cancer is a growing concern
Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer, typically begins in the colon or rectum and can develop slowly over time, often without any warning signs. One in five new cases occurs in people under the age of 55, including those who are otherwise young and healthy, often due to key factors like sedentary lifestyles, higher intake of red and processed meats and nutrition low in fiber.
Why colon cancer can be a taboo topic
Colon cancer remains a stigmatized topic. It involves parts of the bodily functions and parts that people may be uncomfortable discussing openly, such as bowel movements and the digestive system. Discussing or even thinking about cancer, whether as a topic or a diagnosis, can be challenging for many people. However, open communication is key to awareness. Early detection can make treatment easier and more effective.
Early signs can be easy to miss
Colon cancer often shows no clear symptoms in its early stages, making regular screenings crucial for early detection. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation or feeling like your bowel doesn’t empty completely.
- Blood in your stool, whether bright red or dark, should always be taken seriously.
- Persistent abdominal discomfort, including cramping, bloating or feeling unusually full.
- Unexplained weight loss, even without changing your nutrition habits or lifestyle.
- Fatigue or weakness without a clear cause.
If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider for an evaluation.
Know the risk factors
Several factors can raise your risk of colon cancer. Those that are manageable include:
- Nutrition: High-fat, low-fiber lifestyles that include a lot of processed or red meats are linked to higher colon cancer risk. Try limiting red meat to 12–18 oz per week and eat more fiber-rich fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
- Physical inactivity and obesity: Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce your risk. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days.
- Smoking and alcohol: Long-term smoking and heavy alcohol use are associated with increased colon cancer risk. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake can make a difference. Medical Mutual members have access to Pivot Breathe, a digital-based tobacco cessation program that helps members track, reduce and ultimately quit smoking and other tobacco products.
“It is important to discuss your personal risk factors and family history with your provider to customize your plan of care,” said Darlene, a Clinical Quality Nurse at Medical Mutual.
However, some factors are out of your control, including:
- Age: Risk of developing colon cancer increases after age 50, though more younger adults are being diagnosed.
- Family history: If a parent, sibling or close relative had colon cancer or polyps, your risk is higher.
- Genetic conditions: Inherited syndromes like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) significantly increase colon cancer risk.
- Chronic inflammatory conditions: Diseases like Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis cause long-term inflammation in the colon, which can increase the chance of developing cancer.
Screening saves lives
The American Cancer Society recommends adults at an average risk of colon cancer begin screening at age 45. Those with family history or other risk factors may need to start sooner.
Common screening methods include:
- Colonoscopy: The most thorough option that allows doctors to view the entire colon and remove polyps.
- Stool Test (FIT DNA/Cologuard): An at-home test that detects altered DNA and blood in your stool, with no need for a bowl prep beforehand.
- Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): A non-invasive test that checks for hidden blood in your stool, often done yearly.
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy but focuses on the lower part of the colon.
- Virtual colonoscopy (CT Colonography): A non-invasive scan that creates images of your colon to detect abnormalities.
Medical Mutual plans cover these tests when using in-network providers. Talk to your healthcare provider about the screening option right for you.
Talk about colon cancer and take action
Colon cancer is a serious, but highly preventable, disease when detected early. The stigma and discomfort around it often prevent people from having crucial conversations. However, normalizing discussions around digestive health empowers them to ask questions, schedule screenings and make informed choices.
If you’re over age 45, have a family history of colon cancer or are experiencing symptoms, talk to your primary care provider (PCP) about getting screened. “Make sure to review your need for a colon cancer screening and other cancer screenings that you might be due for at your next visit,” Darlene said. Need help finding a PCP? Medical Mutual can help. Use the Find a Provider tool or call the Customer Care number on your member ID card. Let’s break the silence together. Whether you’re advocating for your own health or encouraging a loved one to get screened, your voice could be the one that makes a life-changing difference.